TITLE: Binomial System of Classification click here

OBJECTIVES:

• Explain how and why biologists classify organisms
• Describe the background of the modern classification

CONTENTS

• The Systems of classification
• Taxonomy and Evolution

MATERIALS:

• Reference Books / Text books
• Pictures of animals and plants; or better yet,
go to a nearby garden.
• Laptop
• Internet

STRATEGIES (4 A's)

Motivation

- Make a chart showing the relationship between the members in your family.What did you do to indicate how the members in your family are related to one another? (While all members of the family are related,each has a distinct role and maybe classified as father, mother, uncle, brother, sister and so on)

1. ACTIVITY:

Let the students discuss the six kingdom classification of living things.
Let them explain to the class why there is a three domain of life
scheme, and a six kingdom classifications. Gauge how much students
know about the six kingdoms by asking the following questions:

• What are some differences and similarities in plants and animal cells? click here
• Do some living things that exist today have already existed millions
of years ago?
• Are the living things that exist today the same as they were millions
of years ago?

2.ANALYSIS:

Ask: Is there any link between the humans and the octopuses? Do they
come from same ancestor? How about humans and polar bears?
(Octopuses and humans came from the same ancestor 600 million years
ago, and polar bears and humans about 100 million of years ago)

3. ABSTRACTION:

• Appreciating the existence of diverse forms of classification
• Understanding the importance of evolution in classifying living things
• Manifesting system and orderliness in all tasks

4. APPLICATION

Essay/quiz

1. Summarize the major characteristics of the three domains of life.
2. Conduct a research on strains of bacteria.
3. Give possible reasons why scientists sometimes do not agree on
a single idea.
4. Ask the students to Perform Activity 7 Protists parade on pages 29-32 of
lab manual

Assignment: visit a website: http://rex_bio@blogspot.com/ regarding
your experience visiting the website.

ecology

Ecology (from Greek oîkos, "house"; -λογία, -logos, study of) is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and their interactions with their environment.

photosynthesis

Photosynthesis-is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar. This process occurs in plants and some algae (Kingdom Protista). Plants need only light energy, CO2, and H2O to make sugar. The process of photosynthesis takes place in the choloroplast specifically usingchlorophyl the green pigment involved in photosynthesis.

L E S S O N P R O P E R

A. Recall

Review students on the process of digestion of food. Point out that the formation of soluble substances is now ready for circulation and absorption of body cells.

B. Motivation

Tell the students to sit still and take their pulse rate for one minute at their wrist or on their neck beneath the jaw bone. Then, have them jog in place for 30 seconds and take their pulse rate again. Have them compare the two results they obtained. Ask them, what is the significance of this short activity? The answers can be pointed out during the post-lab activity.

Then, start the lesson by discussing the parts of the circulatory system, namely the heart, the blood vessels and the composition of blood. Let the students describe and state their function from what they have studied in their textbooks. Discuss both types of circulation and later the lymphatic system. Differentiate the function of the circulatory from the lymphatic system. Then, discuss the diseases affecting both systems including AIDS and emphasize ways to minimize them.

C. Activity

To develop their thinking skills, have the students discuss among themselves in groups the developmental questions being asked and let them answer the activity sheet provided for the topic.

D. Postlaboratory Discussion

Answers to Developmental Questions:

Question 1. Differentiate systemic from pulmonary circulation.
Question 2. What changes in composition of the blood take place in the lungs?
Question 3. Identify the source of blood that enters the following chambers of the heart.
Question 4. Where does the blood leaving the following chambers of the heart go?
Question 5. It is the largest blood vessel leaving the heart.
Question 6. To which organs or muscles do the following bring blood?
Question 7. What do the following terms mean?

E. Generalization

1. The main parts of the circulatory system are the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

2. The purpose of circulation is to deliver food, blood and oxygen through the capillaries, to the cells and also remove waste materials from cells.

3. The circulatory system involves the pulmonary and systemic circulations.

4. Human blood types differ in antigens and antibodies in the body.

5. The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels and lymph. Its functions include carrying food and oxygen from blood to body cells not reached by capillaries and picking up waste material from cells and return them to the blood and helping the body fight infection and disease.

6. Medical and surgical procedures are available to control cardiovascular disease, but the best prevention is by following a heart-healthy diet, getting regular exercise, maintaining proper weight and not smoking cigarettes.

F. Valuing and Application

Ask students what diseases are associated with the circulatory system. The following terms may be explained:

a. Hypertension – excessively high blood pressure
1. Arteriosclerosis – accumulation of fatty materials like cholesterol in the lining of arteries
2. Stroke – associated with hypertension that occurs when blood vessel bursts in the brain and brain cells die due to lack of oxygen
d. Heart attack – also associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis that occurs when an artery in the heart bursts resulting to muscle damage or death

Then, tell the students about the medical and surgical procedures available to control cardiovascular diseases. This includes the Thrombolytic Therapy which includes two drugs that can be given intravenously to dissolve a clot in the blood vessel; Arterial Plaque which is a surgical procedure to clear clogged arteries and Heart Transplants (Donor or Artificial). After discussing these technologies, let the student realize the complexity of the processes. Encourage them to suggest ways on how to maintain a well functioning circulatory system. Medical and surgical procedures are available to control cardiovascular disease, but it could be prevented by having a heart-healthy diet, getting regular exercise, maintaining proper weight and not smoking.

V. Assessment

Use any three of these questions for the lesson assessment.

Multiple choice.

1. Which of the following is responsible for blood clotting?

a. fibrin c. fibrinogen
b. plasma d. thrombin

2. Which blood type can a type O patient receive?

a. A & B c. O
b. AB d. all blood types

3. Arteries have thicker muscular walls and are located deeper than veins. This is an example of structural adaptation since they transport blood which:

4. Which of the following is a condition where red blood cells cause the blood to stop circulating in small blood vessels?

a. coagulation c. hemolysis
b. agglutination d. haemophilia

5. Which blood cells produce antibodies?

a. erythrocytes c. lymphocytes
b. thrombocytes d. platelets

6. An instrument used to record coronary contraction that produces heartbeat is called:

a. ECG c. EEG
b. sphygmomanometer d. stethoscope

7. Which of the following conditions is otherwise known as “hardening of the arteries?”

a. arteriosclerosis c. stroke
b. myocardial infarction d. hypertension

8. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

a. vein c. artery
b. venule d. superior vena cava

Agreement:

Do advance readings to answer these questions.

1. How does our nervous system function?

2. How do nerve impulses travel along our nerves?

C. 3. What are the diseases associated with the nervous system?


Activity 5. Circulation in Man

The circulatory and lymphatic systems function to transport food and other materials to the different parts of the body. The lymphatic system further aid the transport system by helping the body fight infection by removing disease-causing organisms in the body.

Objectives

1. To identify the pathways of blood and lymph in our body
2. To compare the structure and function of the circulatory and with the lymphatic systems

Materials

Ballpen
Paper

Procedure

1. Study the illustration below and answer the following questions correctly:

Question 1. Differentiate systemic from pulmonary circulation.
_________________________________________________________

Question 2. What changes in composition of the blood take place in the lungs?
_________________________________________________________

Question 3. Refer to the illustration above. Identify the source of blood that enters the following chambers of the heart.

a. right atrium c. left atrium
b. right ventricle d. left ventricle

Question 4. Where does the blood leaving the following chambers of the heart go?

a. right ventricle
b. left ventricle

Question 5. It is the largest blood vessel leaving the heart.
____________________________________

Question 6. To what organs or muscles do the following bring food?

a. renal arteries
b. pulmonary arteries
c. coronary arteries

Question 7. Describe the following terms:

a. heartbeat
b. pulse
c. blood pressure

Question 8. Compare the blood vascular system and the lymphatic system by filling up the table below:

Basic of Comparison
Blood vascular system
Lymphatic system

a. Circulating fluid

b. The tube to which the fluid flows

c. Type of tube system

Question 9. Explain the role of lymph nodes in the body.
___________________________________

T E A C H I N G S T R A T E G Y

I. Subject Matter: The Respiratory System

Time Frame: 3 periods

1. Objectives:

1. Identify the parts and function of the human respiratory system
2. Trace the path of air from the nose to the lungs
3. Explain gas exchange between the blood in capillaries and air sacs
4. Name some diseases of the human respiratory system
5. Suggest ways of maintaining efficient functioning of the human respiratory system

III. Materials:

A. For Teaching

Colored transparency/poster or enlarged drawing of the respiratory system from any of the suggested textbooks
Overhead projector (OHP, if transparency will be used)

a. For Student Activity

Lung model (available at UPNISMED @ P50.00 each) or this can be made using the following materials:

Cotton Cigarette
Empty ballpen tube Iron nail (size 3 or 4)
Clean plastic bag Masking tape
Rubber band (5-10 pcs.) Ice candy plastic (2 pcs.)
Glue gun Glue gun stick or mighty bond
Ballpen cap Stripping knife
Hacksaw blade Match or lighter
Plastic jar (peanut brittle or any delicacy container)

The lung model can be provided for the whole class for demonstration or each
group can make one if materials are available.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - DEFINITIONS

dictionaries with English definitions that include the word respiratory system: ... Quick definitions (respiratory system) ... CLICK HERE

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - Multiple choice quiz

Multiple-Choice Questions on The Respiratory System ... through the nose and the nervous system. What is the purpose of the little hairs inside the nose? ... CLICK HERE